What is a Tooth Extraction?
Tooth extractions are usually used as a last resort in dentistry, as saving a natural tooth is preferable. However, there are many reasons why single or multiple extractions may be performed, such as pervasive tooth decay, the impaction of wisdom teeth, or the need to create space for orthodontic devices.
The most significant short-term benefit associated with tooth extraction is the elimination of pain. If a tooth is severely decayed or an infection is present, removing the affected tooth can help alleviate discomfort.
To ensure your smile isn't left with gaps that can lead to tooth alignment issues, your dentist will recommend an appropriate tooth replacement option, such as a dental implant, crown or bridge, once you've healed.
How Tooth Extractions are Performed
Simple extractions are performed on fully emerged teeth after applying local anesthetic to the area. Instruments are used to lift the tooth up and then sever the periodontal ligament. The tooth is then carefully removed with dental forceps.
Surgical extractions are performed on teeth that are inaccessible, like unerupted wisdom teeth. An incision is made in the gum tissue, and a drill is used to remove some of the adjacent bone tissue. Sometimes, the tooth has to be split into several pieces to remove it completely.
Wisdom Tooth Removal
Wisdom teeth are the last set of molars to erupt in the back corners of a normal adult mouth, usually between 17 and 25 years of age.
This third set of teeth is not always functional, and can crowd out other teeth as they develop. When this happens, it can make it hard to maintain a good oral hygiene routine. In these cases, your dentist may recommend removing them.
Why Might I Need to Have a Tooth Extraction?
Tooth extractions are incredibly common procedures. It should be reiterated that an extraction is a last resort, when nothing more can be done to save the tooth.
Here is a brief overview of some of the main reasons for tooth extraction:
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Deep decay
This is easily the most common reason for tooth extraction, accounting for around two-thirds of all extraction procedures performed.
However, when decay affects the surface of the tooth as well as the pulp, root canal procedures cannot be performed. Root canal therapy is only viable where the general structure of the tooth is in stable condition.
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Extra teeth
There are a variety of reasons why someone may have extra teeth, but most commonly, it is due to baby teeth not falling out.
Extra teeth take up space, causing nearby teeth to twist out of place. A tooth extraction is necessary in this case to make room for the teeth to properly align.
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Fractured teeth
Fortunately, dentists are able to save damaged teeth in most circumstances with the aid of root canal therapy.
However, there are some instances where the tooth has become fractured in a way that makes repair impossible. Your dentist will determine if the tooth needs to be removed, and if so, they will suggest a replacement option.
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Periodontal disease
Often, teeth have to be extracted because the gums and underlying bone are so severely eroded that they can no longer hold the tooth in place securely.
The cause of bone and gums to erode away is almost always advanced periodontal disease, otherwise known as gum disease. Poor bone density usually means that the chance of restoring the natural tooth is minimal.
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Prior to braces
Sometimes, teeth are removed to prepare for orthodontic braces if space is needed to move the teeth into their proper spots.
If space cannot be created naturally, a tooth may be extracted as an alternative.